Enabling environmental activists to identify and refine their objectives by using ‘future reflective backcasting’
نویسندگان
چکیده
.............................................................................................. 3 CONTENTS ............................................................................................... 6 LIST OF FIGURES .................................................................................... 8 LIST OF TABLES ...................................................................................... 9 CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION ................................................................. 10 1.1.1. Research Questions................................................................. 13 1.1.2. Future and Vision Oriented Approaches ..................................... 14 1.1.3. The Engaged-Uncertain Environmental Activist ........................... 16 1.1.4. Research Deficit...................................................................... 17 1.1.5. In Relation to Design ............................................................... 18 1.1.6. Terms & Scope ....................................................................... 19 1.1.7. Futures in Time ...................................................................... 22 1.1.8. Research Overview in Chapters ................................................ 25 CHAPTER 2: ECOLOGICAL FUTURE META-NARRATIVES ......................... 28 2.
منابع مشابه
Forecasting and Backcasting: Predicting the Impact of Events on the Future
In many choices they make—for example, choosing between a movie and a play or deciding whether to attend a sports game shortly before a birthday party— consumers are guided by how they expect an event will make them feel. They may predict their feelings by forecasting (imagining their feelings when the impacting event occurs, then considering how those feelings might change over time) or by bac...
متن کاملEFL Pre-service Teachers’ Concerns: A Reflective Practice
Central to the spirit of reflective teaching is the ability to focus critically on one’s own beliefs, cognitions, and concerns. Numerous proposals have been developed for implementing reflective practices in pre-service teacher education contexts with the aim of producing highly competent reflective teachers. However, it is imperative to identify the candidates’ beliefs and knowledge base befor...
متن کاملAttitudes of Environmental Health and Occupational Health Students Toward Their Discipline and Future Career in Qazvin University of Medical Sciences in 2012.
Introduction: The raise of environmental and occupational health graduates followed by scarce employment has developed a concern about these disciplines and future career among students. This study was performed with the aim of determining environmental health and occupational health students' attitude toward their disciplines and future career in Qazvin University of Medical Sciences in 2012. ...
متن کاملFutures planning: a systemic approach Futures planning: a systemic approach
A major challenge that Australia is facing at all levels of government, like many other countries, is the need for an improved understanding of the planning process, and thus increasing the chances of achieving more sustainable environments. In order to attain this kind of development, changes should be made in several key areas; these changes need to be supported by a clear vision of the futur...
متن کاملThe Relationship among Reflective Thinking, Listening Anxiety and Listening Comprehension of Iranian EFL Learners: Does Proficiency make a Difference?
As the main part of a large-scale project, the present study investigated the relationship among reflective thinking, listening anxiety, and listening comprehension of Iranian EFL learners with regard to their proficiency level. To this end, 223 (106 intermediate and 117 advanced) adult male and female Iranian EFL learners from a private language institute took part in the study by completing t...
متن کامل